When I started writing a little program to organize photos from the various mobile devices in my home it was unlike many of those applications. It was small, it had a (Swing-based) GUI and it wasn't running on the server side. Still using OSGi helped me enormously with the development. In this blog post I will discuss how.
The application
I'm sure I'm not the only person where the house is full of devices that can take photos. I like to store these pictures centrally on a NAS drive where they are neatly organized. Most devices come with a photo management solution of some sort, but they are often only working with a certain device and not with others and they mostly store the photos in different ways on disk. On top of that I want to keep the photos in a directory structure that looks like this: year/date-taken where I don't mean date-copied. All in all I couldn't find a solution that did this the way I wanted so I started a little tool for this over the holiday season.
While the project itself (which is available here) has the ASL2 license, I am using a variety of libraries to extract information from photo files, video files and for example to access my Android device, because I want to be able to copy photos directly from that.
I need modularization
Most of the libraries that I'm using have a license compatible with my ASL2 license, but I really wanted to access my Android phone directly. Android phones, as well as other mobile devices cannot easily be mounted as a directory on the file system. They need to be accessed using MTP. I found a library that allowed me to access my phone from Java: jusbpmp. It worked fine for the most part but there was one issue: it's GPL-licensed. I don't want to get into which open source license is better, but the viral effects of GPL are well known and I already decided that my application was to be ASL2-licensed. I didn't want to relicense my whole project because of the fact that one dependency has this other license.
If I could single out the functionality that uses this library and only license that piece GPL (as needed) and then plug it into the rest of my application that would limit the scope and the amount of code that is required to have the GPL license. Ideally I want that component to be loosely coupled so that it can be downloaded separately and plugged into the main application.
OSGi Bundles to the rescue. And in particular OSGi Services! OSGi Services use a contribution model where service implementations contribute them to the Service Registry. Consumers find them there. It all works by defining the Service APIs in a separate module that they all communicate through.
The MTP library allows me to access the files on my Android phone. So I started by defining an API module to create an Iterable that can give me entries that serve the photo information from anything any type of source. The PhotoIterable interface can represent a file directory-based photo store, but also one that comes from an MTP device or other device. It looks somewhat like this:
public interface PhotoIterable extends Iterable<PhotoIterable.Entry> {
/**
* Get a human readable identification of the location.
* @return The location string.
*/
String getLocationString();
/**
* This class represents a photo object that can be read.
*/
public interface Entry {
/**
* Returns the file name to use for the photo.
* @return The file name without path information, for example IMG_01429.JPG
*/
String getName();
/**
* @return The stream to read the photo bytes from.
*/
InputStream getInputStream();
}
}
Now I need a way to obtain such a PhotoIterable. Typically the user wants to select a location on the device to copy the photos from (instead of getting all the image files on the device) and to do this I defined the PhotoSource interface. This is what I will register in the OSGi Service Registry. For every supported type of source a corresponding service will be registered. The core bundle ships with one for loading photos from a file system directory, and the phototools.mtp bundle registers one to handle MTP devices.
public interface PhotoSource {
/**
* The label for this source, for example 'File System Directory' or 'Android'.
* @return The label to use.
*/
String getLabel();
/**
* Calling this method should open a selection window where the user can select where the
* photos are to be copied or downloaded from.
* @return A PhotoIterable to obtain photos from the selected location.
*/
PhotoIterable getPhotoIterable();
}
At this stage I have 3 bundles: the API bundle, the core implementation bundle and the MTP implementation bundle.
This separation is nice because:
- The API bundle is small. Anyone who wants to write support for another mobile device has only a very small number of interfaces to look at. No distracting implementation code to get in the way.
- I can find all the PhotoSource implementations by looking them up in the OSGi Service Registry, for example with bundleContext.getServiceReferences(PhotoSource.class, null))
- I can contribute support for additional devices without changing the rest of the code. Just add the bundle that contains the support (and registers the PhotoSource service) and it will appear (even the GUI will react to this).
- I didn't have to write my own plugin mechanism. OSGi Bundles and Services provide that to me.
- I could isolate the functionality that depends on a GPL library in a separate bundle. This means that the main application is still ASL2 licensed. The GPL-based bundle is optional and can be provided separately if I want to create a pure ASL2-based product.
The PhotoSource that the MTP provide bundle contributes is visible as a widget in the main screen (the Mobile Device via USB Radio Button). When I click Select I can see the custom MTP selection GUI in action:
More OSGi Bundles and Services to keep things clean
While the phototools.core bundle can deal with extracting metadata from some of the Photo formats (thanks to Drew's metadata-extractor) I also want my application to handle movie files. I found another nice library that could handle mp4 files for me: Sebastian's mp4parser. Although mp4parser is ASL2 licensed I didn't want to include it the core bundle because it was getting fairly heavy on embedded libraries and also there were still a number of photo/video formats unsupported. Getting the core bundle to support them all didn't seem the right thing to do. Allowing separate bundles to contribute a format handler did! So I defined an additional Service API:
public interface PhotoMetadataProvider {
/**
* Get metadata for a photo or video file
* @param f The file to process.
* @return The metadata found.
*/
Metadata getMetaData(File f);
public interface Metadata {
/**
* Obtain the date the photo was taken (not necessarily the file date).
* @return The date taken.
*/
Date getDateTaken();
/**
* Obtain a small preview file for the photo or movie. If available,
* the preview file will always be a JPEG file.
* the preview file will always be a JPEG file.
* @return The preview file.
*/
File getPreviewFile();
}
}
I can find an appropriate Metadata Provider for my photos by looking up one from the OSGi Service Registry that is registered for the relevant extension. This is done by using OSGi Service Registration properties. Each Photo Metadata Provider registers the formats it can handle with the format property. Then I can look one up by querying on the extension of the file I want to process e.g:
ServiceReferences[] refs = bundleContext.getServiceReferences(
PhotoMetadataProvider.class, "(format=.jpeg)");
When I find a service that can handle my format, get it to process the file:
PhotoMetadataProvider p = bundleContext.getService(sref);
Metadata metadata = p.getMetaData(myPhotoOrVideoFile);
Date dateTaken = metadata.getDateTaken();
The mp4 handling code is now nicely separated in its own bundle. In addition, if I ever want to add support for other formats (.AVI for example) I can do this by simply adding another bundle, which drastically reduces the scope of my changes and also reduces the amount of code that I may have to look at.
Conclusion? Well my little project is not finished yet, it's still work in progress. But OSGi really helped me by providing a nice plug-in architecture and its modularity almost forced me to write nice interface-based components which will be easier to maintain in the long run. Because the bundles have a clear scope they tend to be quite small and when making changes the amount of code you have to look at as a developer is much smaller than if this was part of a monolithic application. This is great because I generally only sporadically have time to go back to my hobby projects and having less code to refresh my brain is good :) Oh, and the fact that I'm using OSGi is completely hidden to the end user. It's really just an architectural choice under the covers.
Happy new year, everyone.
